Attachment styles, conceptualized by psychologists Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby, describe patterns of emotional bonding that affect relationships. These include Secure Attachment, characterized by trust; Anxious-Preoccupied Attachment, marked by insecurity; Dismissive-Avoidant Attachment, emphasizing independence; and Fearful-Avoidant Attachment, showing a conflicted desire for closeness yet fear of getting hurt. Understanding these styles is key to improving personal and romantic relationships.